Essential hypertension, also known as primary or idiopathic hypertension, is a chronic medical condition characterized by high blood pressure that does not have a specific underlying cause. It is the most common form of hypertension, accounting for 90-95% of all cases, and one of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease. According to the CDC, about 45% of adults in the U.S. have hypertension. Nearly half of all older Americans have hypertension. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. Normal blood pressure is typically defined as 120/80 mmHg. In essential hypertension, the blood pressure consistently exceeds the normal range, often exceeding 130/80 mmHg. This health condition makes people five times more prone to strokes, three times more likely to have a heart attack, and two to three times more likely to experience heart failure.
Essential hypertension is diagnosed when there is no identifiable cause for high blood pressure. It tends to develop gradually over time and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Several factors can increase the risk of developing essential hypertension, including age (it becomes more common with increasing age), family history of hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high salt intake, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease. Nearly one-third of people with hypertension do not know it because they never feel any direct pain. But over time, the force of that pressure damages the inside surface of your blood vessels. Untreated essential hypertension can lead to severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and eye problems. Over time, the increased pressure can strain the blood vessels, heart, and other organs, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
Essential hypertension is diagnosed when your blood pressure is consistently elevated on multiple occasions. Diagnosis also involves ruling out secondary causes of hypertension, which are high blood pressure cases caused by underlying conditions like kidney disease or hormonal disorders. Managing essential hypertension typically involves lifestyle modifications and, in some cases, medication. Lifestyle changes may include adopting a healthy diet (low in sodium and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains), regular exercise, weight management, reducing alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and managing stress. If lifestyle changes alone are insufficient to control blood pressure, doctors may prescribe antihypertensive medications to help lower and maintain blood pressure within a healthy range.
Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial in managing essential hypertension. This may involve self-measurement at home using a blood pressure monitor and periodic visits to the doctor to assess blood pressure control and adjust treatment if needed. Essential hypertension is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management. With proper lifestyle changes and appropriate medical treatment, blood pressure can be effectively controlled, reducing the risk of complications. It's essential to adhere to treatment plans and maintain regular follow-ups with healthcare providers.
Don't let high blood pressure take an impact on your health. It's the primary cause of heart disease and stroke and can have long-lasting effects. Protect your well-being by keeping your blood pressure in check! Thankfully, there are many measures we can take to prevent and control hypertension. These include maintaining a consistent workout routine, consuming a nutritious diet, and scheduling routine appointments with our healthcare professionals.
If you have concerns about your blood pressure or think you may have hypertension, please call AMA Medical Center at (781) 581-6181 or contact us online. Schedule your consultation with the best doctors in Lynn, MA!
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